The perceived stress scale pss developed by cohen, kamarck and mermelstein 10 is a wellestablished selfreport measure based on the. Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in managing stress. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way.
There are two shorter versions, one consisting of 10 items and another of 4 items for telephone interviews. Perceived stress scale sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a 10 item scale measuring the perception of stress on a 5 point scale from never to quite often. Excellent testretest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient 0. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument. A psq index can be found by subtracting 30 from the raw score and dividing the result by 90, yielding a score between 0 and 1.
Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope the pss was published in 1983, and has become one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring nonspecific. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. In conclusion, the 10 item perceived stress scale can be used to measure stress among chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients and serve as a basis for further research. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students. One commonlyused scale is the 10 item cohen perceived stress scale pss 10. Pdf to translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4, 10 and 14 and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general greek. The 10 item version pss 10 has demonstrated good reliability and validity with a cronbachs.
Multisample analyses yielded a fair structural stability across groups. It is a measure of the extent to which circumstances throughout ones life are evaluated as distressing. This scale could be useful to compare stress perception in different. The perceived stress scale 14 items cohen et al, 1983. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss 10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. These scales are intended to be used in screening for risk or for research purposes. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale10 pss. The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. The perceived stress scale pss10 in women experiencing. Perceived stress, sources and severity of stress among medical undergraduates in a pakistani medical school. In each case, you will be asked to indicate how often you felt or thought a certain way.
The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most frequently used instrument to measure perceived stress. Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. Reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale10. Pdf an arabic version of the perceived stress scale. Although some of the questions are similar, there are differences between them and. It measures stress by a series of questions based on your feelings and emotions over the last month and how strongly youve felt them. The perceived stress scale consists of 14 items pss14 9, seven positive. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. The perceived stress scale was produced by sheldon cohen in 1983.
An assessment of perceived stress, resilience and mental. Items were designed to assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives to be. It helps you to recognise just how often you have been feeling high levels of stress and putting your wellbeing at risk. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources. We measured and evaluated perceived stress in this population using the simplified chinese version of the 10item perceived stress scale scpss10. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in. The stai measures trait anxiety, or a general tendency to experience anxious emotioncognition. Perceived stress scale 4 pss4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Determining factors for stress perception assessed with. Motivation to change is linked to desire, ability, reasons, and need to make change.
The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. The factor structure was confirmed on the second sample. Results found greater perceived stress was associated with. If you find the perceived stress scale useful, you might be interested in these other great mind. Pdf construct validity of the perceived stress scale pss10 in a. As described above, the pss 10 is a 10 item selfreport measure of global perceived stress. Pdf chinese version of the perceived stress scale10. The german version of the perceived stress scale psychometric.
The first of these is called the perceived stress scale. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to. Questions are directed on feelings and thoughts during the last month. This article presents data on the perceived stress scale, a 14item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Psychometric properties of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss.
The second is the coddingtons life events scale for adolescents clesa,18 which assesses positive and negative life events that are relevant to adolescents. An assessment of the psychometric properties of the perceived. Perceived stress scale, pss quick facts about the tool authors. Stress and its risk factors are frequently seen in ethiopians including university students. The perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported scale with three versions. Infertility is a low control stressor with negative psychological consequences. A total score ranging from 0 to 40 is computed by reverse scoring the four positively worded items and then summing all the scale items. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month. The original english version of the pss has been translated into several languages to increase its use with nonenglish speaking populations. A more precise measure of personal stress can be determined by using a variety of instruments that have been designed to help measure individual stress levels. Construct validity of the perceived stress scale pss10 in a sample of early childhood teacher candidates. We recommend the use of pss10 for research which focuses on the two. The scale also includes a number of direct queries about current levels. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the.
Stress is a common psychological condition usually associated with many psychophysical disorders. The perceived stress scale pss measures psychological stress associated with sex, age, education, income, employment status, and a number of other demographics. Mindfulness, perceived stress, and subjective wellbeing. The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring stress. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale10 pss across. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the pss10 in iranian infertile women. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. A crosssectional study was conducted among all students in a medical faculty in malaysia. Pdf construct validity of the perceived stress scale. Participants were 281 undergraduates at 3 public universities. However, the german version of the pss 10 has not yet been validated. The perceived stress scale pss is the most broadly utilized mental instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often. Because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the perceived stress scale, 10.
Pss 10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four positive items. Findings suggest that three scales represent internal stress reactions, whereas the scale demands relates to perceived external stressors. Things were intended to evaluate how flighty, wild, and overburden respondents observe their lives to be. Research article open access validation of the arabic. Perceived stress scale, pss value to families creates open dialogue about stress and may uncover unmet needs that a family can get support around. The pss 10 has been used to research stress among different population groups including healthy university students, drug addicts, elderly populations, as well as pregnant and postpartum women. Associations between coping strategies, perceived stress.
Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss in ethiopian. Perceived stress incorporates feelings about the uncontrollability and unpredictability of ones life, how often one has to deal with irritating hassles, how much change is occurring in ones life, and confidence in ones ability to deal with problems or difficulties. The perceived stress questionnaire psq reconsidered. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Results found mood and stress collectively predicted injury characteristics. There are 10 questions in which people can circle how often they have felt a certain way. This can increase buyin to home visiting because it helps the family take part in setting the agenda for the home visit. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high.
The perception of academic stress scale dalia bedewy1 and adel gabriel2 abstract the development of a scale to measure perceived sources of academic stress among university students. This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of the malay version of the perceived stress scale pss 10 pss 10 item. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. In a similar study, malinauskas 2010 sampled 123 college athletes and administered with social support scale, pss 10, and life satisfaction scale. Normative results, internal consistencies, and construct validity were supported.
The perceived stress scale10 pss10 is reliable and has. The perceived stress scale is a 14 item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful with responses rated on a 5point likert scale 0 never to 4 very often. The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring stress perception in practice and research but has sparked some controversy regarding its factor structure. The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress. Pss items were designed to tap the degree to which respondents found their. Perceived stress scale scoring each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics. The perceived stress scale cohen, kamarch, and mermelstein, 1983 the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. In such circumstances, a valid measure to screen for stress in ethiopians is necessary. Chinese university students often suffer from acute stress, which can affect their mental health.
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